{"version":"https://jsonfeed.org/version/1","title":"Speech Apraxia UK – Raising Awareness and Providing Support for Apraxia of Speech","home_page_url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk","description":"Speech Apraxia UK – Raising Awareness and Providing Support for Apraxia of Speech","author":{"name":"Speech Apraxia UK – Raising Awareness and Providing Support for Apraxia of Speech"},"items":[{"id":"grin2a-and-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

GRIN2A has emerged as a key gene linked to speech–motor disorders, including childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Originally connected to epilepsy-related language disorders, research now shows GRIN2A mutations are associ...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/grin2a-and-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"GRIN2A and Childhood Apraxia of Speech","date_modified":"2026-04-30T20:03:41Z"},{"id":"setbp1-and-emerging-links-to-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

SETBP1 is traditionally associated with severe developmental disorders, but newer findings reveal a broader and often milder profile. Loss-of-function mutations in SETBP1 are now linked to speech difficulties, particula...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/setbp1-and-emerging-links-to-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"SETBP1 and Emerging Links to Childhood Apraxia of Speech","date_modified":"2026-04-30T19:58:34Z"},{"id":"kansl1-koolen-de-vries-syndrome-and-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

KANSL1-related Koolen-de Vries syndrome is a genetic condition where speech delay is a central feature. Most children with this syndrome are diagnosed with CAS, often alongside dysarthria and other speech errors. Early ...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/kansl1-koolen-de-vries-syndrome-and-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"KANSL1, Koolen-de Vries Syndrome and Childhood Apraxia of Speech","date_modified":"2026-04-30T19:53:54Z"},{"id":"elkserc1-deletions-and-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

Deletions at 12p13.33 involving ELKS/ERC1 are linked to CAS and broader neurodevelopmental challenges. Children often show delayed speech and motor milestones, alongside behavioural and cognitive differences such as ADH...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/elkserc1-deletions-and-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"ELKS/ERC1 deletions and Childhood Apraxia of Speech","date_modified":"2026-04-30T19:51:29Z"},{"id":"16p112-deletion-and-speech-profiles","html_content":"

The 16p11.2 deletion is one of the most studied genetic variations in neurodevelopment. It is strongly associated with CAS, alongside autism, language difficulties, and cognitive differences. While CAS is highly prevale...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/16p112-deletion-and-speech-profiles","title":"16p11.2 Deletion and Speech Profiles","date_modified":"2026-04-30T19:48:52Z"},{"id":"grin2a-beyond-epilepsy","html_content":"

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/grin2a-beyond-epilepsy","title":"GRIN2A Beyond Epilepsy","date_modified":"2026-04-30T19:46:44Z"},{"id":"expanding-the-setbp1-phenotype-implications-for-cas","html_content":"

Recent research has expanded the understanding of SETBP1-related conditions. Rather than only severe syndromes, milder presentations include Childhood apraxia of speech, expressive language impairment, and neurodevelopme...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/expanding-the-setbp1-phenotype-implications-for-cas","title":"Expanding the SETBP1 Phenotype, implications for CAS","date_modified":"2026-04-30T19:23:29Z"},{"id":"childhood-apraxia-of-speech-across-genetic-syndromes","html_content":"

Childhood Apraxia of Speech is increasingly recognised across multiple genetic conditions, including those involving KANSL1, BCL11A, SETBP1, and 16p11.2 deletions. Often, CAS co-occurs with dysarthria and other speech di...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/childhood-apraxia-of-speech-across-genetic-syndromes","title":"Childhood Apraxia of Speech Across Genetic Syndromes","date_modified":"2026-04-30T19:19:24Z"},{"id":"genetics-and-speech%E2%80%93motor-development","html_content":"

Across genes like GRIN2A, SETBP1, BCL11A, KANSL1, ELKS/ERC1, and 16p11.2, a consistent theme emerges: genetics plays a critical role in speech–motor planning. CAS is not isolated but often part of broader neurodevelopme...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/genetics-and-speech%E2%80%93motor-development","title":"Genetics and Speech–Motor Development","date_modified":"2026-04-30T19:15:57Z"},{"id":"childhood-apraxia-of-speech-not-a-delay-a-different-path","html_content":"

Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) do not simply develop speech more slowly—they develop it differently. The core difficulty lies in planning and sequencing the movements needed for speech, not just learning...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/childhood-apraxia-of-speech-not-a-delay-a-different-path","title":"Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Not a Delay, a Different Path","date_modified":"2026-04-03T07:12:49Z"},{"id":"why-intervention-must-target-emerging-skills-children-with-cas","html_content":"

Why Intervention Must Target Emerging Skills in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/why-intervention-must-target-emerging-skills-children-with-cas","title":"Why Intervention Must Target Emerging Skills-children with CAS","date_modified":"2026-04-02T16:35:12Z"},{"id":"why-early-support-matters-in-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

CAS does not resolve on its own. Without appropriate intervention, difficulties can persist into adolescence and adulthood, affecting education, social interaction, and independence. Early, intensive, and specialised th...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/why-early-support-matters-in-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"Why early support matters in childhood apraxia of speech","date_modified":"2026-03-27T23:14:17Z"},{"id":"supporting-communication-with-aac","html_content":"

For children who are minimally verbal, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) can be essential. This includes devices, apps, sign language, or picture systems. AAC does not replace speech—it supports it. It re...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/supporting-communication-with-aac","title":"Supporting Communication with AAC","date_modified":"2026-03-27T23:12:49Z"},{"id":"linguistic-approaches-in-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

Some children with CAS also have language difficulties, which require additional support. Linguistic approaches focus on vocabulary, grammar, and phonological awareness rather than motor speech planning. These are not s...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/linguistic-approaches-in-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"Linguistic Approaches in childhood apraxia of speech","date_modified":"2026-03-27T23:11:26Z"},{"id":"motor-based-approaches-for-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

Motor-based approaches are the primary treatment for CAS. These focus on building accurate speech through repetition, practice, and structured feedback. Techniques such as DTTC, PROMPT, ReST, and NDP-3 are commonly used...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/motor-based-approaches-for-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"Motor-based approaches for Childhood Apraxia of Speech","date_modified":"2026-03-27T23:08:29Z"},{"id":"childhood-apraxia-of-speech-and-the-brain","html_content":"

CAS has a clear neurobiological basis. Brain imaging shows differences in networks responsible for speech and language, including both cortical and subcortical regions. While the exact cause is often unknown (idiopathic...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/childhood-apraxia-of-speech-and-the-brain","title":"Childhood apraxia of speech and the brain","date_modified":"2026-03-27T23:06:03Z"},{"id":"childhood-apraxia-of-speech-and-co-occurring-difficulties","html_content":"

CAS rarely occurs in isolation. Many children also experience challenges with language, literacy, motor coordination, and emotional regulation. Difficulties with phonological awareness can impact reading and spelling. So...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/childhood-apraxia-of-speech-and-co-occurring-difficulties","title":"Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Co-Occurring Difficulties","date_modified":"2026-03-27T23:04:30Z"},{"id":"when-can-childhood-apraxia-of-speech-be-diagnosed","html_content":"

Reliable diagnosis of CAS usually happens between ages two and three. Before this, children may not have enough speech to identify the required patterns. Clinicians need connected speech to assess consistency, transition...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/when-can-childhood-apraxia-of-speech-be-diagnosed","title":"When can childhood apraxia of speech be diagnosed","date_modified":"2026-03-27T23:02:41Z"},{"id":"why-childhood-apraxia-of-speech-is-often-misunderstood","html_content":"

CAS is frequently confused with general speech delay or phonological disorder. The key difference is that CAS involves a breakdown in motor planning, not just sound learning. Children with CAS may perform better in low-...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/why-childhood-apraxia-of-speech-is-often-misunderstood","title":"Why Childhood Apraxia of Speech is Often Misunderstood","date_modified":"2026-03-27T22:59:17Z"},{"id":"the-three-core-signs-of-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

CAS is identified by three main features. First, children produce inconsistent errors—saying the same word differently each time. Second, transitions between sounds are slow or disrupted, making speech sound effortful. T...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/the-three-core-signs-of-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"The Three Core Signs of Childhood Apraxia of Speech","date_modified":"2026-03-27T22:56:37Z"},{"id":"what-is-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a neurological speech disorder affecting how the brain plans and sequences speech movements. Children know what they want to say but struggle to coordinate the movements needed to sa...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/what-is-childhood-apraxia-of-speech","title":"What is Childhood Apraxia of Speech?","date_modified":"2026-03-27T22:52:46Z"},{"id":"gluten-sensitivity-and-neurotransmitter-imbalance-in-cas","html_content":"

New Research Explores Gluten Sensitivity and Neurotransmitter Imbalance in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/gluten-sensitivity-and-neurotransmitter-imbalance-in-cas","title":"Gluten Sensitivity and Neurotransmitter Imbalance in CAS","date_modified":"2026-03-14T19:52:22Z"},{"id":"fdg-pet-useful-in-diagnosing-primary-progressive-speech-apraxia","html_content":"

Imaging Matters

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/fdg-pet-useful-in-diagnosing-primary-progressive-speech-apraxia","title":"FDG-PET, useful in diagnosing primary progressive speech apraxia","date_modified":"2026-03-02T19:22:28Z"},{"id":"prosodic-subtype-progression-primary-progressive-speech-apraxia","html_content":"

Prosodic Subtype Progression

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/prosodic-subtype-progression-primary-progressive-speech-apraxia","title":"Prosodic Subtype Progression primary progressive speech apraxia","date_modified":"2026-03-02T19:15:33Z"},{"id":"phonetic-subtype-progression--primary-progressive-speech-apraxia","html_content":"

Phonetic Subtype Progression

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/phonetic-subtype-progression--primary-progressive-speech-apraxia","title":"Phonetic Subtype Progression- Primary progressive speech apraxia","date_modified":"2026-03-02T19:10:25Z"},{"id":"primary-progressive-apraxia-of-speech-over-time","html_content":"

PPAOS may evolve into broader syndromes such as corticobasal syndrome (CBS) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Additional signs often appear around five years after onset. Monitoring progression is essential.

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/primary-progressive-apraxia-of-speech-over-time","title":"Primary progressive apraxia of speech over time.","date_modified":"2026-03-02T19:06:46Z"},{"id":"what-areas-of-the-brain-are-involved--acquired-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

Degenerative AOS commonly involves the supplementary motor area and lateral premotor cortex. Imaging shows structural and functional disruption in speech networks. In stroke, involvement may be broader but typically left...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/what-areas-of-the-brain-are-involved--acquired-apraxia-of-speech","title":"What areas of the brain are involved- acquired apraxia of speech?","date_modified":"2026-03-02T18:59:34Z"},{"id":"does-acquired-apraxia-of-speech-effect-intelligence","html_content":"

AOS does not reflect cognitive decline. Many individuals continue working independently. Slowed verbal fluency may reflect motor speed, not impaired thinking. Distinguishing speech from cognition prevents misinterpretati...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/does-acquired-apraxia-of-speech-effect-intelligence","title":"Does acquired apraxia of speech effect intelligence?","date_modified":"2026-03-02T18:54:18Z"},{"id":"acquired-apraxia-of-speech-is-not-aphasia","html_content":"

Aphasia affects language comprehension and expression. AOS affects speech motor planning only. Distorted substitutions and prosodic disruption suggest AOS. Language comprehension problems suggest aphasia. Co-occurrence i...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/acquired-apraxia-of-speech-is-not-aphasia","title":"Acquired apraxia of speech is not aphasia","date_modified":"2026-03-01T19:41:20Z"},{"id":"acquired-apraxia-of-speech-is-not-dysarthria","html_content":"

AOS Is Not Dysarthria

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/acquired-apraxia-of-speech-is-not-dysarthria","title":"Acquired Apraxia of Speech Is Not Dysarthria","date_modified":"2026-03-01T19:25:11Z"},{"id":"phonetic-vs-prosodic-subtypes-in-acquired-apraxia-of-speech","html_content":"

Phonetic vs Prosodic Subtypes

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/phonetic-vs-prosodic-subtypes-in-acquired-apraxia-of-speech","title":"Phonetic vs Prosodic Subtypes in Acquired apraxia of speech","date_modified":"2026-03-01T19:09:38Z"},{"id":"what-is-primary-progressive-apraxia-of-speech-ppaos","html_content":"

Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech (PPAOS) occurs when speech difficulty is the first and main symptom of neurodegenerative disease. It starts subtly lowed speech, segmentation, hesitancy — and gradually worsens. Ove...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/what-is-primary-progressive-apraxia-of-speech-ppaos","title":"What is Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech (PPAOS)","date_modified":"2026-03-01T18:59:45Z"},{"id":"what-is-speech-apraxia","html_content":"

Apraxia of Speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder affecting planning and programming of speech movements, not intelligence or understanding. People know what they want to say but struggle to coordinate lips, tongue, and...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/what-is-speech-apraxia","title":"What is speech apraxia?","date_modified":"2026-03-01T18:42:34Z"},{"id":"7q31-deletions-and-foxp2-a-genetic-cause-of-speech-apraxia","html_content":"

7q31 deletions involving FOXP2 disrupt one of the most critical genes for speech and language development. FOXP2 encodes a transcription factor essential for cortical-striatal circuits that support motor planning and spe...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/7q31-deletions-and-foxp2-a-genetic-cause-of-speech-apraxia","title":"7q31 Deletions and FOXP2: A Genetic Cause of speech apraxia","date_modified":"2026-02-21T22:01:21Z"},{"id":"using-auditory-approaches-responsibly-in-speech-apraxia-services","html_content":"

In busy services with long waiting lists, auditory approaches are often used because they are easy to teach and parent-friendly. Used well, they are better than no input at all.\nFor speech apraxia, responsible use means ...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/using-auditory-approaches-responsibly-in-speech-apraxia-services","title":"Using Auditory Approaches Responsibly in Speech Apraxia Services","date_modified":"2026-02-06T22:00:53Z"},{"id":"speech-apps-listening-tasks-and-apraxia-%E2%80%93-use-with-caution","html_content":"

Apps an train children tco judge whether sounds are produced correctly, strengthening auditory perception. Evidence suggests benefits for children with phonological speech sound disorders.\nFor speech apraxia, the picture...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/speech-apps-listening-tasks-and-apraxia-%E2%80%93-use-with-caution","title":"Speech Apps, Listening Tasks, and Apraxia – Use With Caution","date_modified":"2026-02-06T21:58:22Z"},{"id":"why-auditory-approaches-fit-phonology-better-than-apraxia","html_content":"

Auditory approaches assume that if a child hears sounds clearly, production will improve. This assumption holds for phonological disorders, where sound systems are disorganised and perception plays a key role.\nIn speech ...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/why-auditory-approaches-fit-phonology-better-than-apraxia","title":"Why Auditory Approaches Fit Phonology Better Than Apraxia","date_modified":"2026-02-06T21:54:38Z"},{"id":"auditory-input-therapy-%E2%80%93-helpful-but-not-a-treatment-for-apraxia","html_content":"

Auditory Input Therapy is a naturalistic approach where adults model target sounds during play, often delivered by parents at home. It can be useful for young children or those not yet ready for structured practice.\nFor ...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/auditory-input-therapy-%E2%80%93-helpful-but-not-a-treatment-for-apraxia","title":"Auditory Input Therapy – Helpful, But Not a Treatment for Apraxia","date_modified":"2026-02-06T21:53:28Z"},{"id":"focused-auditory-stimulation-and-speech-apraxia-%E2%80%93-know-its-limits","html_content":"

Focused Auditory Stimulation (FAS), sometimes called auditory bombardment, involves repeatedly modelling target sounds while a child plays, with no expectation that the child will speak. It is widely used and popular in ...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/focused-auditory-stimulation-and-speech-apraxia-%E2%80%93-know-its-limits","title":"Focused Auditory Stimulation and Speech Apraxia – Know Its Limits","date_modified":"2026-02-06T21:50:50Z"},{"id":"auditory-based-approaches-and-speech-apraxia","html_content":"

Why Listening Alone Doesn’t Treat Speech Apraxia

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/auditory-based-approaches-and-speech-apraxia","title":"Auditory-Based Approaches and Speech Apraxia ","date_modified":"2026-02-06T21:47:31Z"},{"id":"speech-motor-chaining-building-speech-through-motor-learning","html_content":"

Speech Motor Chaining (SMC) is a structured, motor-based intervention designed for children and adults with speech sound disorders, including childhood apraxia of speech and acquired apraxia. Developed by Preston and co...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/speech-motor-chaining-building-speech-through-motor-learning","title":"Speech Motor Chaining: Building Speech Through Motor Learning","date_modified":"2026-01-28T16:29:00Z"},{"id":"gnao1-and-severe-speech-disorder-expanding-the-genetic-picture","html_content":"

A new study by GNAO1 variants associated with severe childhood speech disorder (Larasati et al., 2026) expands our understanding of the genetic basis of severe childhood speech disorders, including childhood apraxia of s...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/gnao1-and-severe-speech-disorder-expanding-the-genetic-picture","title":"GNAO1 and Severe Speech Disorder: Expanding the Genetic Picture ","date_modified":"2026-01-26T23:35:14Z"},{"id":"who-to-prioritise-for-genetic-testing-in-childhood-speech-apraxia","html_content":"

A major new open-access study, Childhood motor speech disorders: who to prioritise for genetic testing (Van Niel et al., 2026), provides the clearest clinical guidance to date on when genetic testing should be considere...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/who-to-prioritise-for-genetic-testing-in-childhood-speech-apraxia","title":"Who To Prioritise for Genetic Testing in Childhood speech apraxia","date_modified":"2026-01-26T23:25:35Z"},{"id":"sentence-completio-a-powerful-tool-apraxia-of-speech-and-aphasia","html_content":"

\nA recent study by Comparing Word Elicitation Strategies for Individuals With Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia (Van Sickle, Dembowski & Corwin, 2026) offers important clinical insight for working with individuals who prese...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/sentence-completio-a-powerful-tool-apraxia-of-speech-and-aphasia","title":"Sentence Completion a powerful Tool Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia","date_modified":"2026-01-26T23:10:14Z"},{"id":"underrepresented-children-the-evidence-base-isn%E2%80%99t-the-whole-worl","html_content":"

CAS research participants often don’t reflect the full CAS population. Many studies exclude children with autism, ADHD, hearing/vision impairment, significant cognitive disability, dysarthria, or structural differences....

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/underrepresented-children-the-evidence-base-isn%E2%80%99t-the-whole-worl","title":"Underrepresented Children: The Evidence Base Isn’t the Whole Worl","date_modified":"2026-01-12T22:44:09Z"},{"id":"%E2%80%9Cfor-whom-does-cas-treatment-work%E2%80%9D-the-missing-clinical-shortcut","html_content":"

Clinicians and families want a clear answer: which treatment is right for this child when they have childhood apraxia of speech? The honest answer is that we don’t yet have strong predictive tools. Children vary widely i...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/%E2%80%9Cfor-whom-does-cas-treatment-work%E2%80%9D-the-missing-clinical-shortcut","title":"“For Whom Does CAS Treatment Work?” The Missing Clinical Shortcut","date_modified":"2026-01-12T22:38:20Z"},{"id":"intensity-more-isn%E2%80%99t-always-better-but-%E2%80%9Cenough%E2%80%9D-matters","html_content":"

ntensity keeps coming up because CAS treatment often requires lots of accurate repetitions. Research generally suggests more practice supports learning but the best schedule is not fully settled. Some studies show benefi...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/intensity-more-isn%E2%80%99t-always-better-but-%E2%80%9Cenough%E2%80%9D-matters","title":"Intensity: More Isn’t Always Better, But “Enough” Matters","date_modified":"2026-01-12T22:29:39Z"},{"id":"beyond-%E2%80%9Cworks%E2%80%9D-comparing-treatments-and-optimising-results","html_content":"

Knowing a treatment can help is not the same as knowing it’s the best option. Direct comparisons are still rare, but early trials show why they matter. One study found different patterns immediately after therapy versus ...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/beyond-%E2%80%9Cworks%E2%80%9D-comparing-treatments-and-optimising-results","title":"Beyond “Works”: Comparing Treatments and Optimising Results","date_modified":"2026-01-12T22:22:10Z"},{"id":"what-treatments-work-for-cas-how-do-we-know","html_content":"

“Does Treatment X Work?” What We Know Now

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/what-treatments-work-for-cas-how-do-we-know","title":"What treatments work for CAS, how do we know?","date_modified":"2026-01-12T22:14:08Z"},{"id":"childhood-apraxia-of-speech-treatment-evidence-base-big-picture","html_content":"

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) treatment research has grown rapidly. Early guidance relied heavily on case reports and expert opinion, but the field now includes many controlled studies. A useful way to understand the...

","url":"https://speechapraxia.co.uk/about/f/childhood-apraxia-of-speech-treatment-evidence-base-big-picture","title":"Childhood Apraxia of Speech Treatment Evidence Base: Big Picture","date_modified":"2026-01-12T22:01:13Z"}]}